The population of elderly is growing at a faster rate all over the world. India's population aged 60 and older is projected to increase dramatically over the next four decades, from 8 percent in 2010 to 19 percent in 2050. Increasing age has serious consequences on health status, social support mechanism and financial condition of the individual and the family. Primary health care providers can play a critical role in providing elderly health care services in India. Age-friendly primary health care services can be a cost-effective option for elderly health care services in India. Age-friendly primary health care services foster health and well-being. They envisage accessible, equitable, inclusive, safe, secure and supportive health care services. They provide people-centered services and support them to enable recovery or to compensate for the loss of function so that people can continue to do the things that are important to them. There is a need for improvement of health care infrastructure at primary level, training of health personnel, improving the quality of health care services for elderly and to strengthen the provision of home-based health care for bedridden patients. Policy makers should take immediate measures to establish age-friendly primary health care services with wide range of interventions to promote and implement the concept of active ageing in India.

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Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to study the clinical profile and aetiology of anaemia in elderly more than 60 years of age at a tertiary care centre. Methods: 147 elderly patients were studied during one year period, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of age more than 60 years with anaemia, as per World health organisation. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination and symptom analysis, was done in all the patients. Haematological investigations including peripheral smear and biochemical investigations were done in all patients. Morphological pattern of anaemia was classified based on red cell indices and peripheral smear. From preliminary investigation, further studies were planned according to the probable cause of anaemia. The severity of anaemia was assessed according to the WHO Classification. Results: Elderly patients ranged from 60 years to 98 years, with a mean age of 68.29 ± 6.25 years. The number of males in the study group was 88 (59.9%), and females were 59 (40.7%), which was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). The most common type of morphological anaemia among elderly patients was found to be normocytic anaemia followed by microcytic anaemia. Anaemia of chronic disease was found to be the most common etiological type of anaemia followed by iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia due to acute blood loss. Conclusion: Hospitalised patients have more severe anaemia compared to population-based studies where mild anaemia predominates. The morphological and etiological type of anaemia proportions is identical in both population and hospital-based studies.

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Age associated decrease in physiological reserve may lead to varied responses to trauma in the elderly population. In this article, we have reviewed the salient features of geriatric trauma including anatomic, physiologic, and pharmacologic changes with aging, as well as associated co morbidities affecting the outcome of the elderly trauma patients. Moreover, the patterns of common injuries, pre-hospital and emergency department evaluation, initial resuscitation, and anesthetic managements of these patients have been discussed. Recent advances having an impact in the care of the elderly injured patients are discussed with the hope that this will assist the trauma clinicians to become more caring towards the senior citizens.

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Pneumatosis Intestinalis is commonly seen in the infants and the cause being necrotizing enterocolitis. Being an uncommon entity among the adults sometimes the physician may be unaware of the benign causes of the Pneumatosis Intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum for which the patient may be exposed to the unnecessary surgical intervention. Computed Tomography scan is the investigation of choice to diagnose Pneumatosis Intestinalis.

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